Chapter
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First redaction
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Second redaction
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1
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Julius Africanus1 was the first from us2 to elicit a summary of the times by means of generations and reigns with a simple style of history under Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus3. Next Eusebius of Caesarea4 and Jerome5 of sacred memory published a history of the kingdoms simultaneously arranged in the multi-layered books of the chronological canons and by times.6 After these some and others [wrote], among whom especially Victor of Tunnuna7, bishop of the church, having reviewed the histories of the previously named, completed the deeds of subsequent ages up to the consulate of Justin the Younger8.
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Julius Africanus was the first from us [= the Christians] to elicit a summary of the times by means of generations and reigns with a simple style of history under Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Next Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome of sacred memory published a history of the kingdoms simultaneously arranged in the multi-layered books of the chronological canons and by times. After these some and others [wrote], among whom especially Victor of Tunnuna, bishop of the church, having reviewed the histories of the previously named, completed the deeds of subsequent ages up to the consulate of Justin the Younger.
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2
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We have recorded with as much brevity as we can the total of these times from the Creation of the world up to the rule of Augustus Heraclius9 and King Sisebut10, adding [material] from the side in a descending line of times, from which the essence of past ages becomes known by evidence.
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We have recorded with as much brevity as we can the total of these times from the Creation of the world up to the times of Augustus Heraclius and King Swinthila11, adding [material] from the side in a descending line of times, from which the essence of past ages becomes known by evidence.
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2a
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First age of the world12
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3
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God created all things and all creatures in six days : on the first day he made light, on the second the support of the heavens, on the third the splendour of the sea and land, on the fourth the stars, on the fifth fishes and birds, on the sixth wild animals and beasts of burden, finally, in his own likeness, the first man, Adam.
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God created all things and all creatures in six days : on the first day he made light, on the second the support of the heavens, on the third the splendour of the sea and land, on the fourth the stars, on the fifth fishes and birds, on the sixth wild animals and beasts of burden, finally, in his own likeness, the first man, Adam.
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4
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230
Adam, at the age of 230, bore Seth, who was born before Abel, and which means ‘resurrection’ because in him was reawakened the just seed, which is the race of the sons of God.
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230
Adam, at the age of 230, bore Seth, who was born before Abel, and which means ‘resurrection’ because in him was reawakened the just seed, which is the race of the sons of God.
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5
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435
Seth, at the age of 205 years, begot Enos, who first began to invoke the name of God.
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435
Seth, at the age of 205 years, begot Enos, who first began to invoke the name of God.
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6
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625
Enos, at the age of 190 years, begot Cainan, whose name translates as ‘the nature of God’.
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625
Enos, at the age of 190 years, begot Cainan.
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6a
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At the same time Cain first founded a city before the Flood which he filled only with the multitude of his descendents.
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7
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795
Cainan, at the age of 170, begot Malalehel, whose name means ‘the plantation of God’.
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795
Cainan, at the age of 170, begot Malalehel, whose name means ‘the plantation of God’.
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8
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960
Malalehel, at the age of 165, begot Iareth, which means ‘the descendent’ or ‘the one giving strength’.
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960
Malalehel, at the age of 165, begot Iareth, which means ‘the descendent’ or ‘the one giving strength’.
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9
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1122
Iareth, at the age of 162, begot Enoch, who was lifted up to God, and who is considered to have written several things, but which, on account of their antiquity are refuted by the fathers as being of suspect faith.
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1122
Iareth, at the age of 162, begot Enoch, who was lifted up to God, and who is considered to have written several things, but which, on account of their antiquity are refuted by the fathers as being of suspect faith.
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10
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1287
Enoch, at the age of 165, begat Matusala, who, it is discovered from the length of his life, survived for 14 years after the Flood. On account of which several consider with false opinion that he was with his father Enoch, who was lifted up, for a short time while the Flood was passing by.
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1287
Enoch, at the age of 165, begat Matusala, who, it is discovered from the length of his life, survived for 14 years after the Flood. On account of which several consider with false opinion that he was with his father Enoch, who was lifted up, for a short time while the Flood was passing by.
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11
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In this generation the sons of God longed for the daughters of men.
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In this generation the sons of God longed for the daughters of men.
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12
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1454
Matusala, at the age of 167, begot Lamech.
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1454
Matusala, at the age of 167, begot Lamech.
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13
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In this generation the giants were born.
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In this generation the giants were born.
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14
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Also, in this age, Iubal, from the lineage of Cain, discovered the art of music, furthermore whose brother Tubalcain was the inventor of bronze and iron.
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Also, in this age, Iubal, from the lineage of Cain, discovered the art of music, furthermore his brother Tubalcain was the inventor of bronze and iron.
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15
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1642
Lamech, at the age of 188, begat Noah, of whom it is ordered, by a divine oracle, that he build the Ark in the 500th year of his life.
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1642
Lamech, at the age of 188, begat Noah, of whom it is ordered, by a divine oracle, that he build the Ark in the 500th year of his life.
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16
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In these times, as Josephus reports13, those men, because they knew that they could die either by fire or by water, wrote down their studies on two columns made from brick and stone, lest the memory of those things which they had discovered wisely were not deleted. It is held that their stone column evaded the Flood evaded and that it remains to this day in Syria.
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In these times, as Josephus reports, those men, because they knew that they could die either by fire or by water, wrote down their studies on two columns made from brick and stone, lest the memory of those things which they had discovered wisely were not deleted. It is held that their stone column evaded the Flood evaded and that it remains to this day in Syria.
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17
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2242
It is read that the Flood happened in the 600th year of Noah, whose Ark Josephus14 reports to have settled in the mountains of Armenia, which is named Ararat.
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2242
It is read that the Flood happened in the 600th year of Noah, whose Ark Josephus reports to have settled in the mountains of Armenia, which is named Ararat.
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18
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Moreover there were three sons of Noah, from whom 72 peoples are descended : that is 15 from Iafeth, 30 from Cham, 27 from Sem
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Moreover there were three sons of Noah, from whom 72 peoples are descended : that is 15 from Iafeth, 30 from Cham, 27 from Sem
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18a
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Second age of the world
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19
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2244
In the second year after the Flood Sem bore Arfaxat, from whom the Chaldeans [descend].
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2244
In the second year after the Flood Sem bore Arfaxat, from whom the people of the Chaldeans descended
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19a
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This Sem bore Melchisedech, who first founded the city of Salem after the Flood, which is now called Jerusalem
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20
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2379
Arfaxat, at the age of 135, begot Salam, from whom [descend], in the old manner, the Samaritans, or Indians.
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2379
Arfaxat, at the age of 135, begot Salam, from whom [descend], in the old manner, the Samaritans, or Indians.
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21
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2509
Sala, at the age of 130, begot Heber, from whom the Hebrews are named
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2509
Sala, at the age of 130, begot Heber, from whom the Hebrews are named
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22
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2643
Heber, at the age of 134, begot Falech, in whose time a tower was built and the division of the languages made. It is said that this tower has a height of 5174 paces; it narrows from wide to narrow gradually so that it more easily endured a great weight. There they describe a marble temple adorned with precious stones and gold and many other things which seem incredible. Nebroth the giant, who after the confusion of the languages moved from that place to Persia and taught them to worship fire, built this tower.
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2643
Heber, at the age of 134, begot Falech, in whose time a tower was built and the division of the languages made. It is said that this tower has a height of 5174 paces; it narrows from wide to narrow gradually so that it more easily endured a great weight. There they describe a marble temple adorned with precious stones and gold and many other things which seem incredible. Nebroth the giant, who after the confusion of the languages moved from that place to Persia and taught them to worship fire, built this tower.
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23
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2773
Falech, at the age of 130, begat Ragau.
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2773
Falech, at the age of 130, begat Ragau.
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24
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In these times the first temples were constructed and certain leaders of the peoples began to be worshipped just like gods.
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In these times the first temples were constructed and certain leaders of the peoples began to be worshipped just like gods.
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25
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2905
Ragau, at the age of 132, begat Seruch.
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2905
Ragau, at the age of 132, begat Seruch.
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26
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Under whom the Scythian kingdom began, where Tanus was the first to rule.
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Under whom the Scythian kingdom began, where Tanus first ruled.
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27
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3035
Seruch, at the age of 130, begat Nahor.
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3035
Seruch, at the age of 130, begat Nahor.
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28
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The Egyptian kingdom, where Zoes ruled first, assumed the principal rule.
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The Egyptian kingdom, where Zoes ruled first, assumed the principal rule.
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29
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3114
Nahor, at the age of 79, begat Thara.
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3114
Nahor, at the age of 79, begat Thara.
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30
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Under whom the kingdom of the Assyrians and the Sicinians arises. But Belus ruled first in Assyria, who some believe to be Saturn; and Agialeus [ruled] first among the Sicinians, from whom Agialea is named, which up to now is called the Peloponnese.
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Under whom the kingdom of the Assyrians and the Sicinians arises. But Belus ruled first in Assyria, who some believe to be Saturn; and Agialeus [ruled] first among the Sicinians, from whom Agialea is named, which up to now is called the Peloponnese.
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(33a)
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Third age of the world
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31
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3184
Thara, at the age of 70, begat Abraham.
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3184
Thara, at the age of 70, begat Abraham.
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31a
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At the same time Ninus the king of Assyrians reigned, who first made wars and invented the equipment of weapons.
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32
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Under whom Zoroaster, discoverer of magic, is killed by King Ninus.
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32a
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In this age the magic skill was discovered in Persia by Zoroaster king of the Bactrians.
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33
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And the walls of Babylon are built by Semiramis queen of the Assyrians.
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Also, the walls of Babylon are built at this time by Semiramis queen of the Assyrians.
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34
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3284
Abraham, at the age of 100, begat Isaac from the freewoman Sarra. For he had first begot Ismahel from the slave girl Agar, from whom the people of the Ismahelites, afterwards Aragenes, and finally Saracens, were called.
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3284
Abraham, at the age of 100, begat Isaac from the freewoman Sarra. For he had first begot Ismahel from the slave girl Agar, from whom the people of the Ismahelites, afterwards Aragenes, and finally Saracens, were called.
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35
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3344
Isaac, at the age of 60, begat twins, of whom the first was Esau, from whom the Idumites were named, second Iacob, who was surnamed Israhel, and from whom the Israelites were named.
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3344
Isaac, at the age of 60, begat twins, of whom the first was Esau, from whom the Idumites were named, second Iacob, who was surnamed Israhel, and from whom the Israelites were named.
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36
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At this time the kingdom of the Greeks started, where Inachus first reigned.
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At this time the kingdom of the Greeks started, where Inachus first reigned.
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37
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Whose son was King Phoroneus, who first drew up laws and trials in Greece.15
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38
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In these times it is written that Minerva had appeared in the form of a virgin at Lake Triton.
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39
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3434
Iacob, at the age of 90, begat Ioseph.
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3434
Iacob, at the age of 90, begat Ioseph.
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40
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In these times Sirapis king of the Egyptians, the son of Iovis, upon dying, is carried over to the gods
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In these times Sirapis king of the Egyptians, the son of Iovis, upon dying, is carried over to the gods.
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(38)
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Then Minerva, who is proclaimed to have been famous by many tricks, appeared in the shape of a virgin at Lake Triton. For she is said to have been the inventress of crafts, she invented the shield and the bow, she taught how to make a spear and to dye wool.
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(37)
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And also in this age king Phoroneus, son of Inachus, was famous. He was the first to institute laws and trials in Greece.
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41
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and the city of Memphis was built in Egypt.
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42
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3544
Ioseph for 110 years.
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3544
Ioseph for 110 years.
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43
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At this time, Greece, with Argos reigning, began to have crops with seeds brought down from another place.
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At this time, Greece, with Argos reigning, began to have crops with seeds brought down from another place.
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44
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3688
The servitude of the Hebrews in Egypt [lasted] 144 years.
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3688
The servitude of the Hebrews in Egypt [lasted] 144 years.
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45
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It is written that Prometheus, whom fables imagine to have shaped men out of mud, existed in these times.
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It is written that Prometheus, whom fables imagine to have shaped men out of mud, existed in these times.
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46
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Then furthermore his brother Atlas was considered a great astrologer.
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46a
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Then furthermore his brother Atlas discovered astrology and first contemplated the movement and the arrangement of heaven.
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47
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And Mercury the grandson of Atlas was skilled in many of the arts and, on account of this, after his death was carried across into the gods.
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And then Mercury the grandson of Atlas was skilled in many of the arts and, on account of this, after his death was carried across into the gods.
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48
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And also in this age Prociclus first harnessed a chariot team of four horses.
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And also in this age Prociclus first harnessed a chariot team of four horses.
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49
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And at the same time Cecrops founded Athens and from the name of Minerva called the Atticans Athenians.16
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And at the same time Cecrops founded Athens and from the name of Minerva called the Atticans Athenians.
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50
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He also, sacrificing a bull, first instructed [them] to worship Jove with sacrifice.
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He also, sacrificing a bull, first instructed [them] to worship Jove with sacrifice.
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46b
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At this same time Corinth was founded in Greece and there the art of painting was discovered by Cleanthus.
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51
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Then the Coretes and the Coribantes were the first to invent the musical and harmonious war dance.
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Then the Coretes and the Coribantes were the first to invent the musical and harmonious war dance.
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52
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Then also it is written that a flood was made in Thessaly under Diocalion
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Then also it is written that a flood was made in Thessaly under Diocalion
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53
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and a legendary fire at Faeton.
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and a legendary fire at Faeton.
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54
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3728
Moses guided the people in the desert from Egyptian servitude to freedom for 60 year.
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3728
Moses guided the people in the desert from Egyptian servitude to freedom for 60 year.
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55
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At this time the Jews began to have law and letters at the same time through Moses17
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At this time the Jews began to have law and letters at the same time through Moses
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56
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Then the temple of Dephi is constructed,
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Then the temple of Dephi is constructed,
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57
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Lacedaemon is founded,
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Lacedaemon is founded,
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58
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the vine is discovered in Greece.
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the vine is discovered in Greece.
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59
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3755
Ioshua, successor of Moses, guides the people for 27 years.
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3755
Ioshua, successor of Moses, guides the people for 27 years.
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60
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In these times Erectonius, leaderof the Athenians, first harnessed as chariot team of four horses in Greece.
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In these times Erectonius, leaderof the Athenians, first harnessed as chariot team of four horses in Greece.
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61
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3795
Gothoniel18 for 40 years.
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3795
Gothoniel for 40 years.
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62
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Cadmus, who first invented Greek letters, reigns in Thebes.19
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Cadmus, who first invented Greek letters, reigns in Thebes.
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63
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During the same time Linus and Anphion were first famous among the Greeks in the musical art.
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But also Linus and Anphion were then first famous among the Greeks in the musical art.
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At that time the Ideian Dactyles discovered iron.
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64a
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And the Ideian Dactyles discovered the metal iron at the same time in Greece.
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65
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3875
Aoth20 for 80 years.
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3875
Aoth for 80 years.
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66
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In these times fables were made : about Treptolemus, who, ordered by Ceres, having been carried by the wings of serpents in order to fly, distributed grain to the poor;
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In these times fables were made : about Treptolemus, who, ordered by Ceres, having been carried by the wings of serpents in order to fly, distributed grain to the poor;
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67
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about Hippocentaur, in whom were mixed the natures of horses and men;
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about Hippocentaur, in whom were mixed the natures of horses and men;
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68
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about Cerberus, the three-headed dog of the infernal regions;
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about Cerberus, the three-headed dog of the infernal regions;
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69
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about Frixus and Helle, his sister, who, carried by a ram, flew through the air;
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about Frixus and Helle, his sister, who, carried by a ram, flew through the air;
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70
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about the harlot Gorgon, whose hair was made from serpents and she turned those who gaze upon her into stone;
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about the harlot Gorgon, whose hair was made from serpents and she turned those who gaze upon her into stone;
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71
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about Bellerophon, who was carried on the wings of a flying horse;
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about Bellerophon, who was carried on the wings of a flying horse;
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72
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about Anphion, who with the sound of his cithara moved stones and rocks.
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about Anphion, who with the sound of his cithara moved stones and rocks.
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73
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3915
Deborah21 for 40 years.
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3915
Deborah for 40 years.
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74
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At the same time Apollo discovered the art of medicine.
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At the same time Apollo made the cithara and discovered the art of medicine.
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75
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Also fables were then made about the inventor Daedalus and his son Icarus, who flew with wings joined to themselves.
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Also fables were then made about the inventor Daedalus and his son Icarus, who flew with wings joined to themselves.
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76
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In this age Picus, who it is held was the son of Saturn, reigned among the Latins.
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In this age Picus, who it is held was the son of Saturn, reigned among the Latins.
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77
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3855
Gideon22 for 40 years.
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3855
Gideon for 40 years.
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77a
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In this age the other Mercury discovered the lyre and handed it over to Orpheus.
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77b
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At this time Philemon first instituted the chorus at Pythium.
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78
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The Tyrian city was built.
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79
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Orpheus, Trax and Linus, the teacher of Hercules, were considered as famous discoverers of the musical art.
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80
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The voyage of the Argonauts is recorded.
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Also, the voyage of the Argonauts is recorded then.
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81
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3958
Abimelech23 for 3 years.
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3958
Abimelech for 3 years.
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82
|
He killed his own 70 brothers.
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82a
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|
Hercules devastated Ilium.
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(88)
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and he killed Anteus the inventor of the art of gymnastics.
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83
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3981
Tola24 for 23 years.
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3981
Tola for 23 years.
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84
|
In whose times Priam ruled in Troy, after Laumedon.
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In whose times Priam ruled in Troy, after Laumedon.
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85
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Then the fable was composed about the beast the minotaur imprisoned in the labyrinth.
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Then the fable was composed about the beast the minotaur imprisoned in the labyrinth.
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86
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4003
Iar25 for 22 years.
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4003
Iar for 22 years.
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87
|
During these times Hercules established the Olympic games.
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Hercules instituted the Olympic games.
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88
|
and killed Anteus in Libya.
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|
(97)
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|
The nymph Carmentis discovered Latin letters.
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89
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4009
Iepte26 for 6 years.
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4009
Iepte for 6 years.
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90
|
In whose times Hercules, being in his 52nd year, on account of the pain of his illness, threw himself into the flames.
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In whose times Hercules, being in his 52nd year, on account of the pain of his illness, threw himself into the flames.
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91
|
At the same time Alexander snatched Helen and the Trojan war arose for 10 years.
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92
|
4016
Abessa27 for 7 years.
|
4016
Abessa for 7 years.
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(91)
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|
At the same time Alexander snatched Helen and the Trojan war arose for 10 years.
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93
|
The Amazons took up arms for the first time.
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The Amazons took up arms for the first time.
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94
|
4024
Abdon28 for 8 years.
|
4024
Abdon for 8 years.
|
95
|
In whose third year Troy was captured.
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Troy is captured
|
96
|
and Aeneas came to Italy.
|
and Aeneas came to Italy.
|
97
|
In this age the nymph Carmentis discovered Latin letters.29
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98
|
4044
Samson30 for 20 years.
|
4044
Samson for 20 years.
|
99
|
Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, founded Alba.
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Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, founded Alba.
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100
|
Also, at the same time, fables were composed about Ulysses and of the sirens.
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Also, at the same time, fables were composed about Ulysses and of the sirens.
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101
|
4084
Heli the priest31 for 40 years.
|
4084
Heli the priest for 40 years.
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102
|
The Arc of the Covenant is seized by foreigners.
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The Arc of the Covenant is seized by foreigners.
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103
|
And the kingdom of Sicyon is ended.
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and the kingdom of Sicyon is ended.
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104
|
4124
Samuel and Saul32 for 40 years.
|
4124
Samuel and Saul for 40 years.
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105
|
The kingdom of the Lacedaemonians arises
|
The kingdom of the Lacedaemonians arises
|
106
|
And it is thought that Homer [lived at this time].
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and it is thought that in Greece Homer was the first poet .
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106a
|
|
Fourth age of the world
|
107
|
4164
David33 for 40 years.
|
4164
David for 40 years.
|
108
|
Codrus, offering himself voluntarily to his enemies, is put to death
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Codrus, king of the Athenians, offering himself voluntarily to his enemies for the health of his country, is put to death
|
109
|
and Carthage is built by Dido.
|
and Carthage is built by Dido.34
|
110
|
While Gad, Nathan and Asaph were prophesying in Judaea.
|
While Gad, Nathan and Asaph were prophesying in Judaea.
|
111
|
4204
Solomon35 reigned for 40 years.
|
4204
Solomon reigned for 40 years.
|
112
|
In the fourth year of his reign he began building the Temple of Jerusalem and in the 8th year finished it.
|
In the fourth year of his reign he began building the Temple of Jerusalem and in the 8th year finished it.
|
113
|
4221
Roboam36 reigned for 17 years.
|
4221
Roboam reigned for 17 years.
|
114
|
Under whom the ten tribes were separated from the two [tribes] and they began to have kings in Samaria.
|
The kingdom of Israel is divided from Judah.
|
115
|
In this age Samos is founded.
|
Samos is founded.
|
116
|
The sibyl Eritia is considered illustrious.
|
The sibyl Eritia is considered illustrious.
|
117
|
4224
Abia37 reigned for 3 years.
|
4224
Abia reigned for 3 years.
|
118
|
Under whom the high priest of the Hebrews, Abimelech, was considered distinguished.
|
Under whom the high priest of the Hebrews, Abimelech, was considered distinguished.
|
119
|
4265
Asa38 reigned for 41 years.
|
4265
Asa reigned for 41 years.
|
120
|
Achias, Amos, Ieu, Iohel and Azarias were prophesying in Judaea.
|
Achias, Amos, Ieu, Iohel and Azarias were prophesying in Judaea.
|
121
|
4290
Josaphat39 reigned for 25 years.
|
4290
Josaphat reigned for 25 years.
|
122
|
Helias and Heliseus, Abdias, Azarias and Micheas were prophesying.
|
Helias, Abdias and Micheas were prophesying.
|
123
|
4298
Ioram40 reigned for 8 years.
|
4298
Ioram reigned for 8 years.
|
124
|
Helias and Heliseus and Abdias were prophesying.
|
Helias and Heliseus were prophesying.
|
125
|
4299
Ozochias41 reigned for 1 year.
|
4299
Ozochias reigned for 1 year.
|
126
|
Helias is carried up.
|
Helias, whose famous miracles number 7, is carried up.
|
127
|
4306
Athalia42 reigns for 7 years.
|
4306
Athalia reigns for 7 years.
|
128
|
Ionadab the priest, son of Recab, is considered famous.
|
Ionadab the priest, son of Recab, is considered famous.
|
129
|
as was Ioiade the priest, who alone after Moses is regarded to have lived for 130 years.
|
as was Ioiade the priest, who alone after Moses is regarded to have lived for 130 years.
|
130
|
4346
Ioas43 reigned for 40 years.
|
4346
Ioas reigned for 40 years.
|
131
|
Zacharias the prophet is killed.
|
Zacharias the prophet is killed.
|
132
|
And Heliseus dies.
|
Heliseus, whose virtues are said to number 14, dies.
|
133
|
Also, Licurgus the legislator of Apollo is considered distinguished.
|
Also, Licurgus the legislator of Apollo is considered distinguished in Greece.
|
134
|
4375
Amasias44 reigned for 29 years.
|
4375
Amasias reigned for 29 years.
|
134a
|
|
Certain people assert that Carthage was founded at this time, others that is was earlier.45
|
135
|
4427
Ozias46 reigned for 52 years.
|
4427
Ozias reigned for 52 years.
|
(140)
|
|
The Olympics are established first by the Greeks.
|
(140a)
|
|
A lamb speaks in Egypt.
|
136
|
Sardanapallus the king is burned by a fire.
|
Sardanapallus the king is burned by a spontaneous fire.
|
137
|
and the Assyrian kingdom is transferred to the Medes.
|
and the Assyrian kingdom is transferred to the Medes.
|
138
|
Then the poet Hesiod was famous.
|
Then the poet Hesiod was famous.
|
139
|
and Phidon the Argive discovered measures and weights.
|
and Phidon the Argive discovered measures and weights.
|
140
|
At the same time the first Olympiad was established by the Greeks.47
|
|
141
|
Osee, Amos, Esaia and Iona were prophesising in Judaea.
|
In this age Osee, Amos, Esaia and Iona prophesied in Judaea.
|
142
|
4443
Ioathan48 reigned for 16 years.
|
4443
Ioathan reigned for 16 years.
|
143
|
Remus and Romulus are born.
|
Remus and Romulus are born.
|
144
|
While Osee and Iohel, Esaia and Michea were prophesying in Judaea.
|
While Osee and Iohel, Esaia and Michea were prophesying in Judaea.
|
145
|
4459
Achaz49 reigned for 16 years.
|
4459
Achaz reigned for 16 years.
|
146
|
In whose times Romulus founded Rome.
|
In whose times Romulus founded Rome.
|
147
|
and Sennacherib, king of the Assyrians, brought across the ten tribes into Media and sent the neighbouring Samaritans into Judaea.
|
and Sennacherib, king of the Assyrians, led across the ten tribes into Media and sent the neighbouring Samaritans into Judaea.
|
148
|
4488
Ezechias50 reigned for 29 years.
|
4488
Ezechias reigned for 29 years.
|
149
|
Under whom Esaias and Osee were prophesying.
|
Under whom Esaias and Osee were prophesying.
|
150
|
At this time Romulus first selected soldiers out of the people and chose 100 most noble men from the people, who, on account of their age were called senators, [and] on account of their care and concern were called fathers of the republic.51
|
At this time Romulus selected soldiers out of the people for the first time and chose 100 most noble men from the people, who, on account of their age he called senators, [and] on account of their care and concern he called fathers of the republic.
|
151
|
4543
Manasses52 reigned for 55 years.
|
4543
Manasses reigned for 55 years.
|
152
|
At the same time Numa Pompilius, who first instituted the Vestal Virgins, was in charge of the Romans.
|
At the same time Numa Pompilius, who first instituted high priests and Vestal Virgins, was in charge of the Romans. He filled up the city with a multitude of false gods.
|
153
|
he added 2 months, January and February, to the 10 months of year.
|
|
153a
|
|
He added 2 months to the 10 months of the Roman year : he dedicated January to the gods of the heavens, February to the gods of the infernal regions.
|
154
|
Also, the sibyl of Samos was famous then.
|
Also, the sibyl of Samos was famous then.
|
155
|
4555
Amon53 reigned for 12 years.
|
4555
Amon reigned for 12 years.
|
156
|
In whose times Tullius Hostilius first conducted a census in the republic and was the first to use purple clothing and fasces.
|
In whose times Tullius Hostilius was the first to use purple clothing and fasces. He first conducted a census, which up until this point was unknown throughout the world, in the republic.
|
157
|
4587
Iosias54 reigned for 32 years.
|
4587
Iosias reigned for 32 years.
|
158
|
Thales of Miletus was considered the first famous natural philosopher.
|
Thales of Miletus, a natural philosopher, was famous, who first investigated, with the sharpest observation, having understood the calculations of astrology, the eclipse of the sun.
|
159
|
While Heiremia, Olda and Sophonia were prophesying in Judaea.
|
While Heiremia, Olda and Sophonia were prophesying in Judaea.
|
160
|
4598
Ioachim55 reigned for 11 years.
|
4598
Ioachim reigned for 11 years.
|
161
|
In whose third year Nabuchodonosor, having seized Judaea, made it tributary.
|
In whose third year Nabuchodonosor, having seized Judaea, made it tributary.
|
162
|
Then Daniel, Ananias, Azarias and Misahel were famous in Babylon.
|
Then Daniel, Ananias, Azarias and Misahel were famous in Babylon.
|
163
|
4609
Sedecias56 reigned for 11 years.
|
4609
Sedecias reigned for 11 years.
|
164
|
The king of Babylon coming to Jerusalem for a second time leads him [away] as a prisoner with his people, after the temple had been burned in the 454th year of its construction.
|
The king of Babylon coming to Jerusalem for a second time leads him [away] as a prisoner with his people, [and] he burns down the temple in the 454th year of its construction.
|
165
|
At the same time the woman Sappho was famous for her varied poetry.
|
At the same time the woman Sappho was famous in Greece for her varied poetry.
|
166
|
Solon gave laws to the Athenians.57
|
Solon gave laws to the Athenians.
|
166a
|
|
Fifth age of the world
|
167
|
4679
The captivity of the Hebrews lasted for 70 years, during which the fire, having been removed from the altar and hidden in a well, after the seventieth year of the return is raised up, having been discovered alive58
|
4679
The captivity of the Hebrews lasted for 70 years, during which the fire, having been removed from the altar of God and hidden in a well, after the seventieth year of the return is raised up, having been discovered alive
|
168
|
At the same time of the captivity the history of Iudith is composed.
|
At the same time of the captivity the history of Iudith is composed.
|
169
|
Also, Pythagoras was considered famous as a philosopher and the inventor of the art of arithmetic
|
Also, Pythagoras, the philosopher and the inventor of the art of arithmetic
|
169a
|
|
and Pherecides, the first writer of histories, and Xenophon, the inventor of tragedies, were considered famous.
|
170
|
4713
Darius59 ruled for 34 years
|
4713
Darius ruled for 34 years
|
171
|
In whose second year the captivity of the Jews was ended, from which time in Jerusalem there were not kings, but leading men, up to Aristobolus.
|
In whose second year the captivity of the Jews was ended, from which time in Jerusalem there were not kings, but leading men, up to Aristobolus.
|
172
|
Then the Romans, having driven out their kings, began to have consuls.60
|
Then the Romans, having driven out their kings, began to have consuls.
|
173
|
4733
Xerxes61 reigned for 20 years.
|
4733
Xerxes reigned for 20 years.
|
174
|
Escilius, Pindar, Sophocles and Euripides are celebrated as famous writers of tragedies.
|
Escilius, Pindar, Sophocles and Euripides are celebrated as famous writers of tragedies.
|
175
|
Also Herodotus is acknowledged as a writer of histories and Zeusis as a painter.
|
Also Herodotus is acknowledged as a writer of histories and Zeusis as a painter.
|
176
|
4773
Artaxerxes62, who was also known as Longimanus, reigned for 40 years.
|
4773
Artaxerxes, who was also known as Longimanus, reigned for 40 years.
|
177
|
With him reigning Esdras the priest renovated the law.63
|
With him reigning Esdras the priest renovated the law that had been burnt by the [enemy] peoples.
|
178
|
Neemias restored the walls of Jerusalem.
|
Neemias restored the walls of Jerusalem.
|
179
|
Furthermore, Aristarchus and Aristophanes and Sophocles were considered [famous] writers of tragedies
|
Furthermore, Aristarchus and Aristophanes and Sophocles were famous writers of tragedies
|
180
|
also Hippocrates the doctor and Socrates the philosopher and Democritus were famous.
|
also Cratinus the first comic and Hippocrates the doctor and Socrates the philosopher and Democritus were famous.
|
181
|
4792
Darius64, who is also known as Notus, reigned for 19 years.
|
4792
Darius, who is also known as Notus, reigned for 19 years.
|
182
|
Plato is born
|
|
182a
|
|
This age had the philosopher Plato and Gorgias the first teacher of rhetoric.
|
183
|
4832
Artaxerxes65 reigned for 40 years.
|
4832
Artaxerxes reigned for 40 years.
|
184
|
It is taught that in his time the story of Hester is completed
|
It is taught that in his time the story of Hester is completed
|
185
|
also, Plato and Xenophon were considered outstanding of the Socratics.
|
also, Xenophon the Socratic is considered outstanding.
|
186
|
4858
Artaxerxes66, who is also known as Ochus, reigned for 26 years.
|
4858
Artaxerxes, who is also known as Ochus, reigned for 26 years.
|
187
|
Demosthenes is recognised as the first orator.
|
Demosthenes is recognised as the first orator.
|
188
|
And Aristotle the philosopher is praised.
|
and Aristotle is praised as the first dialectician.
|
189
|
Plato dies.
|
Plato dies.
|
190
|
4862
Xerxes67, son of Ochus, reigned 4 years.
|
4862
Xerxes, son of Ochus, reigned 4 years.
|
191
|
Xenocrates the philosopher is considered illustrious.
|
Xenocrates the philosopher is considered illustrious.
|
192
|
4868
Darius68 reigned 6 years.
|
4868
Darius reigned 6 years.
|
193
|
Alexander, conquering the Illyrians and the Thracians, then took Jerusalem and having entered the temple offered sacrifices to God.
|
Alexander, conquering the Illyrians and the Thracians, then took Jerusalem and having entered the temple offered sacrifices to God.
|
194
|
Up to this point the Persian kingdom stood firm, thereafter the kings of the Greeks begin
|
Up to this point the Persian kingdom stood firm, thereafter the kings of the Greeks begin
|
195
|
4873
Alexander the Macedonian69 reigned for 5 years. Indeed, in his last 5 years, as they are reckoned in order, he obtained the monarchy of the world, for his 7 earlier years are computed alongside [years of] the kings of the Persians. Thereafter the kings of Alexandria begin.
|
4873
Alexander the Macedonian reigned for 5 years. Indeed, in his last 5 years, as they are reckoned in order, he obtained the monarchy of Asia, having destroyed the kingdom of the Persians, for his 7 earlier years are computed alongside [years of] the kings of the Persians. Thereafter the kings of Alexandria begin.
|
196
|
4913
Ptolemy70, son of Lagus, reigned 40 years.
|
4913
Ptolemy, son of Lagus, reigned 40 years.
|
197
|
He, capturing Judaea, transferred many of the Hebrews into Egypt.
|
He, capturing Judaea, transferred many of the Hebrews into Egypt.
|
198
|
At this time Zeno the Stoic and Menander the comic and Theophratus the philosopher were famous.
|
At this time Zeno the Stoic and Menander the comic and Theophratus the philosopher were famous.
|
199
|
Furthermore, at the same time the first book of the Maccabees begins.
|
Furthermore, at the same time the first book of the Maccabees begins.
|
200
|
4951
Ptolemy Philadelphus71 reigned 38 years.
|
4951
Ptolemy Philadelphus reigned 38 years.
|
201
|
He freed the Jews who were in Egypt and, restoring the holy vessels of the priest Eleazar, he asked for 70 translators and translated the divine scriptures into the Greek language.72
|
He freed the Jews who were in Egypt and, restoring the holy vessels of the priest Eleazar, he asked for 70 translators and translated the divine scriptures into the Greek language.
|
202
|
At the same time Aratus the astrologer is acknowledged
|
At the same time Aratus the astrologer is acknowledged
|
203
|
And silver coins are minted for the first time at Rome.
|
And silver coins are minted for the first time at Rome.
|
204
|
4977
Ptolemy Evergetes73 reigned 26 years.
|
4977
Ptolemy Evergetes reigned 26 years.
|
205
|
Under whom Jesus, son of Sirach, composed a book of wisdom.
|
Under whom Jesus, son of Sirach, composed a book of wisdom.
|
206
|
4994
Ptolemy Philopator74 reigned 17 years.
|
4994
Ptolemy Philopator reigned 17 years.
|
207
|
The Jews were defeated by him in battle, 60,000 soldiers fell.
|
The Jews were defeated by him in battle, 60,000 soldiers fell.
|
208
|
And Marcellus, the consul, occupied Sicily.
|
At the same time Marcellus, the consul, occupied Sicily.
|
209
|
5018
Ptolemy Epiphanes75 reigned 24 years.
|
5018
Ptolemy Epiphanes reigned 24 years.
|
210
|
In whose time those things occurred which the story of the second book of the Maccabees contains.
|
In whose time those things occurred which the story of the second book of the Maccabees contains.
|
210a
|
|
In this age the victorious Romans ordered the Greeks to be free
|
211
|
In this age the poet Ennius is celebrated.
|
|
211a
|
|
At this time Ennius the first Latin poet is celebrated at Rome as outstanding.
|
212
|
5053
Ptolemy Philometor76 reigned 35 years.
|
5053
Ptolemy Philometor reigned 35 years.
|
213
|
He overcame this Antiochus in battle and oppressed the Jews with varied calamity.
|
He overcame this Antiochus in battle and oppressed the Jews with varied calamity.
|
214
|
At the same time Scipio conquered Africa.
|
At the same time Scipio conquered Africa.
|
214a
|
|
Terence the comic was famous.
|
215
|
5082
Ptolemy Evergetes77 reigned 29 years.
|
5082
Ptolemy Evergetes reigned 29 years.
|
216
|
At this time Spain is occupied by the Romans through the consul Brutus.
|
At this time Spain is occupied by the Romans through the consul Brutus.
|
217
|
5099
Ptolemy Soter78 reigned 17 years.
|
5099
Ptolemy Soter reigned 17 years.
|
218
|
Varro and Cicero are born.
|
Varro and Cicero are born.
|
219
|
The Thracians are made subject by the Romans.
|
The Thracians are made subject by the Romans.
|
220
|
5109
Ptolemy Alexander79 reigned 10 years.
|
5109
Ptolemy Alexander reigned 10 years.
|
221
|
Syria goes over into the dominion of the Romans through the dux Gabinius.
|
Syria goes over into the dominion of the Romans through the dux Gabinius.
|
222
|
Also the poet Lucretius, who afterwards killed himself with the madness of lovers, is born.
|
Also the poet Lucretius, who afterwards killed himself with the madness of lovers, is born.
|
223
|
5117
Ptolemy80, son of Cleopatra, reigned 8 years.
|
5117
Ptolemy, son of Cleopatra, reigned 8 years.
|
224
|
At the same time Plotius Gallus first taught Latin rhetoric at Rome.
|
At the same time Plotius Gallus first taught Latin rhetoric at Rome.
|
225
|
Then also Sallust the historian is born.
|
Then also Sallust the historian is born.
|
226
|
5147
Ptolemy Dionisius81 reigned 30 years.
|
5147
Ptolemy Dionisius reigned 30 years.
|
227
|
When Jerusalem had been captured by the Romans Pompey made the Jews tributaries.
|
When Jerusalem had been captured by the Romans Pompey made the Jews tributaries.
|
228
|
At the same time Cato the philosopher is acknowledged.
|
At the same time Cato the philosopher is acknowledged.
|
229a
|
|
Virgil is born at Mantua, Oratius at Venusina.
|
230
|
Apollodorus the teacher of Augustus is considered famous
|
Then also Apollodorus the teacher of Augustus is considered famous
|
231
|
and Cicero is celebrated with praise for oratory.
|
and Cicero is celebrated with praise for oratory.
|
232
|
5149
Cleopatra82 reigned 2 years, because in her third year Julius Caesar assumes power.
|
5149
Cleopatra reigned 2 years.
|
232a
|
|
She was the daughter of Ptolemy king of the Egyptians and sister of Ptolemy and she was made the wife of her brother. As she wanted to defraud him of the kingdom, at the time of the civil war in Alexandria she ran to meet Caesar and by means of her beauty and her dishonour the kingdom and the death of Ptolemy were granted to her in the presence of Julius and the kingdom of Alexandria went over into Roman authority.
|
233
|
5154
Gaius Julius Caesar83 reigned 5 years.
|
5154
Gaius Julius Caesar reigned 5 years.
|
233a
|
|
He obtained Gaul before he was appointed consul,
|
233b
|
|
he triumphed over Britain.
|
234
|
He first obtained sole rule over the Romans, after whom the Caesars are actually named. Hereafter emperors follow.84
|
|
234a
|
|
Following the civil war against Pompey, when he had been invited, he obtained the monarchy of the entire Roman Empire, from whose name the following emperors were called ‘Caesar’. After him emperors follow.
|
(237a)
|
|
Sixth age of the world
|
235
|
5210
Octavian Augustus85 reigned 56 years.
|
5210
Octavian Augustus reigned 56 years.
|
235a
|
|
In his imperium, after the Sicilian war, he conducted three triumphs : of Dalmatia, of Asia, finally the Alexandrian against Antony; thence Spain. Then, with peace having been brought on land and sea to the entire world, he closed and fastened the gates of Janus.
|
236
|
During whose imperium the 69 weeks written about in Daniel are fulfilled.
|
During whose imperium the 69 weeks written about in Daniel are fulfilled.
|
237
|
And, with the ceasing of the kingdom and priesthood of the Jews, the Lord Jesus is born from the Virgin in the forty-second year of his rule.
|
And, with the ceasing of the kingdom and priesthood of the Jews, the Lord Jesus is born of the Virgin in Bethlehem in the forty-second year of his rule.
|
238
|
5233
Tiberius86, the son of Augustus, reigned 23 years.
|
5233
Tiberius reigned 23 years.
|
238a
|
|
As long as, through greed, he would not send back the kings who came to him, many peoples withdrew from the Roman Empire.
|
239
|
In whose eighteenth year the Lord was crucified, when 5228 years had passed from the Creation of the world.
|
In whose eighteenth year the Lord was crucified, when 5228 years had passed from the Creation of the world.
|
240
|
5237
Gaius Caligula87 reigned 4 years.
|
5237
Gaius Caligula reigned 4 years.
|
241
|
He ordered that a statue of Jupiter be placed under his name in the Temple of Jerusalem.
|
He was savage in his avarice, cruelty and luxury, and, raising himself into the gods, ordered that a statue of Jupiter be placed under his name in the Temple of Jerusalem.
|
242
|
At the same time Matthew the apostle wrote the first gospel in Judaea.
|
At the same time Matthew the apostle wrote the first gospel in Judaea.
|
243
|
5251
Claudius88 reigned 14 years.
|
5251
Claudius reigned 14 years.
|
243a
|
|
Ruling moderately, he conducted many things in an ordinary manner, many in a cruel way
|
244
|
Peter proceeded to Rome to overcome Simon Magus.89
|
With him reigning Peter the apostle proceeded to Rome against Simon Magus.
|
245
|
Also, Mark, the evangelist, preached at Alexandria.
|
Also, Mark the evangelist wrote a gospel of Christ while preaching at Alexandria.
|
246
|
5265
Nero90 reigned 14 years.
|
5264
Nero reigned 13 years91.
|
246a
|
|
He, being given to too much cruelty and luxury, fished with nets of gold
|
246b
|
|
He prostituted and killed his mother and sister
|
246c
|
|
He destroyed much of the Senate
|
246d
|
|
He lost many provinces and cities of the republic
|
246e
|
|
Also, he burnt the city of Rome, so that he might see an image of the Trojan ruin.
|
247
|
In whose times Simon Magus, when he had proposed an argument with the apostles Peter and Paul, saying that he was a great power of God, he promised to fly to the father in heaven at midday, [aided] by the demons, by whom he was carried into the air, [Simon], having been abandoned [by the demons], by Peter cursing them through God, [and] indeed through praying by Paul, he crashed. On account of whose death Peter is crucified by Nero, Paul is cut down by the sword.
|
In whose times Simon Magus, when he had proposed an argument with the apostles Peter and Paul, saying that he was a great power of God, he promised to fly into the sky at midday, [aided] by the demons, by whom he was carried into the air, [Simon], having been abandoned [by the demons], by Peter cursing them through God, [and] indeed through praying by Paul, he crashed. On account of whose death Peter is crucified by Nero, Paul is cut down by the sword.
|
(249)
|
|
Then Lucan and Seneca the teacher of Nero are killed by the same Nero.
|
248
|
At this time the poet Persius dies.
|
The poet Persius dies.
|
249
|
Also Lucan and Seneca the teacher of Nero are killed.
|
|
250
|
5275
Vespasian92 reigned 10 years.
|
5274
Vespasian reigned 10 years.
|
250a
|
|
Vigorous in military skill, he restored to the state, through warfare, many provinces which Nero had lost.
|
250b
|
|
He was heedless of offences, he bore insults that had been said about him lightly.
|
251
|
In whose 2nd year Titus took and destroyed Jerusalem, where 1,100,000 Jews died by famine and the sword, besides those 100,000 sold publicly [into slavery].
|
In whose 2nd year Titus took and destroyed Jerusalem, where 1,100,000 Jews died by famine and the sword, besides those 100,000 also sold publicly [into slavery].
|
252
|
5277
Titus93 reigned 2 years
|
5276
Titus reigned 2 years
|
253
|
His great fluency stood out so much in both languages that he pleaded cases in Latin, [and] composed poems and tragedies in Greek.
|
|
254
|
On the other hand, [he was] so very warlike that, as a soldier under his father at the assault of Jerusalem, he pierced through twelve defenders with the blows of twelve arrows.
|
|
255
|
Moreover, he was of such goodness in his rule, that he would punish no one at all, but he would let off those convicted of a plot against him, and he would retain them in the same intimacy which he had previously.
|
He was of such goodness in his rule, that he would punish no one at all, but he would let off those convicted of a plot against him, and he would retain them in the same intimacy which he had previously.
|
256
|
In addition, the famous saying of his among them all was that the day was lost in which nothing good had been accomplished.
|
In addition, the famous saying of his among them all was that the day was lost in which nothing good had been accomplished.
|
257
|
5293
Domitian94 reigned 16 years
|
5292
Domitian reigned 16 years.
|
257a
|
|
With detestable pride, after [the example of] Nero, he ordered that he be called a god.
|
258
|
He was the second to persecute the Christians after Nero
|
|
259
|
Under whom the apostle John was banished to the island of Patmos
|
|
260
|
He killed and sent into exile many of the senators
|
He killed many of the senators, he killed Christians
|
261
|
and he ordered that all who were from the line of David be killed, so that no-one of the Jews would survive from the royal lineage.
|
and he ordered that all who were from the line of David be killed, so that no-one of the Jews would survive from the royal lineage.
|
259a
|
|
And under him the apostle John, having been banished to the island of Patmos, wrote the apocalypse.
|
262
|
5294
Nerva95 reigned 1 year.
|
5293
Nerva reigned 1 year.
|
262a
|
|
A man who was moderate in his rule and presented himself to all as equal and impartial.
|
263
|
The apostle John returns from exile to Ephesus and having been asked urgently by the bishops of Asia published the last Gospel
|
In whose times the apostle John comes from exile to Ephesus and having been asked urgently by the bishops of Asia published the last Gospel
|
264
|
5313
Trajan96 reigned 19 years.
|
5312
Trajan reigned 19 years.
|
264a
|
|
He, by the wonder of his virtue, restored the Roman Empire far and wide
|
265
|
He, after Asia and Babylon had been captured, approached all the way to the borders of India after [the example of] Alexander.
|
|
265a
|
|
He took Babylon and Arabia and approached all the way to the borders of India.
|
265b
|
|
Generous to all and calm, among whose different sayings the exceptional one is considered [to be] : when he was being asked, why there was too great a number of the public all around, answered that he would rather choose to deprive himself of being emperor than be such a private emperor.
|
(275)
|
|
In whose times Galen, the doctor born at Pergamon, was considered famous at Rome.
|
266
|
In whose times, Simon Cleopas, bishop of Jerusalem, is crucified
|
Also, Simon Cleopas, bishop of Jerusalem, is crucified at this time
|
267
|
and the apostle John dies.
|
and the apostle John dies.
|
268
|
5334
Hadrian97 reigned 21 years.
|
5333
Hadrian reigned 21 years.
|
268a
|
|
Envying the glories of Trajan, he gave back the provinces of the east to the Persians and set the boundary of Roman imperium at the Euphrates river.
|
269
|
He subjugated the rebellious Jews for the second time and rebuilt the city of Jerusalem and called it Helia from his own name.
|
Also, the same man subjugated the rebellious Jews and rebuilt the city of Jerusalem and called it Helia from his own name.
|
270
|
At the same time Aquila Ponticus, the second translator after the Septuagint, is born
|
At the same time Aquila Ponticus, the second translator after the Septuagint, is born
|
271
|
and Basilides98 is acknowledged as a heresiarch.
|
and Basilides is acknowledged as a heresiarch.
|
272
|
5356
Antoninus Pius99 reigned 22 years.
|
5355
Antoninus Pius reigned 22 years.
|
273
|
He received such a cognomen because of this, since throughout the Roman kingdom, with the records burned, he relaxed the debt of all men, and henceforward he was called the father of the fatherland.
|
|
273a
|
|
He received such a name on account of his mercy
|
273b
|
|
He first divided with equal power the imperium of the Roman city with Antoninus the Younger100.
|
274
|
With him ruling, the heresiarchs Valentinus and Marcion were brought forth101
|
|
275
|
and Galen, the doctor born at Pergamon, is considered famous at Rome.
|
|
276
|
5375
Antoninus102 the Younger reigned 18 years.
|
5374
Antoninus the Younger reigned 18 years.
|
276a
|
|
Having proceeded towards the Persians, he took Seleucia, a city of Assyria, with 400,000 thousand men, he triumphed over the Parthians and the Persians.
|
277
|
Montanus the founder of the [heresy of the] Cataphrygians and Titian, from whom the heresy of the Encratians [came], arose.103
|
When he was reigning, Montanus the founder of the [heresy of the] Cataphrygians and Titian, from whom the heresy of the Encratians [came], arose.
|
278
|
5388
Commodus104 reigned 13 years.
|
5387
Commodus reigned 13 years.
|
278a
|
|
He was given to much luxury.
|
279
|
Theodotion of Ephesus, the third translator, appeared
|
Under him Theodotion of Ephesus, the third translator, appeared
|
280
|
and Bishop Irenaeus of Lyons is considered outstanding in doctrine.
|
and Bishop Irenaeus of Lyons is considered outstanding in doctrine.
|
281
|
5389
Aelius Pertinax105 reigned 1 year.
|
5388
Aelius Pertinax reigned 1 year.
|
282
|
He, being begged by the Senate that he might make his wife Augusta and his son Caesar, refusing, he said, it was sufficient that he should rule since he himself ruled against his will.
|
He, being asked by the Senate that he might make his wife Augusta and his son Caesar, refusing, he said, it was sufficient that he should rule since even he himself, [who] had deserved it, was unwilling.
|
283
|
5407
Severus Pertinax106 reigned 18 years.
|
5406
Severus Pertinax reigned 18 years.
|
283a
|
|
He waged many wars successfully, he defeated the Parthians, he occupied Arabia, and he recovered Britain by fighting.
|
283b
|
|
He had knowledge of letters and philosophy
|
284
|
Symmachus, the fourth translator, is acknowledged.
|
In whose time Symmachus, the fourth translator, is acknowledged.
|
285
|
Bishop Narcissus of Jerusalem is celebrated for his many virtues.
|
Bishop Narcissus of Jerusalem is celebrated for his many virtues.
|
286
|
Tertullian the African is considered outstanding in the Church.
|
Tertullian the African is considered outstanding in the Church.
|
287
|
Origen is educated at Alexandria by his studies.
|
Origen is educated at Alexandria by his studies.
|
288
|
5414
Antoninus Caracalla107, son of Severus, reigned 7 years.
|
5413
Antoninus Caracalla, son of Severus, reigned 7 years.
|
288a
|
|
He was unbearable in his lust : he took his stepmother as his wife.
|
288b
|
|
He achieved nothing memorable.
|
289
|
In Jericho the fifth edition of the sacred scriptures was discovered, whose author is not apparent.
|
In whose times in Jericho the fifth edition of the sacred scriptures was discovered, whose author is not apparent.
|
290
|
5415
Macrinus108 reigned 1 year.
|
5414
Macrinus reigned 1 year.
|
290c
|
|
While reigning with his son, they achieved nothing memorable in the brevity of time, for after one year they were killed together by a military revolt.
|
291
|
5418
Aurelius Antoninus109 reigned 3 years.
|
5418
Aurelius Antoninus reigned 4 years110.
|
291a
|
|
While he was living most indecently he was killed in a military uprising.
|
292
|
The sixth edition was discovered at Nicopolis.
|
In whose times the sixth edition was discovered at Nicopolis.
|
293
|
Sabellius the heresiarch arises.111
|
Sabellius the heresiarch arises.
|
294
|
5431
Alexander112 reigned 13 years.
|
5431
Alexander reigned 13 years.
|
294a
|
|
He defeated the Persians gloriously
|
294b
|
|
He was favoured by the citizens.
|
295
|
Origen was famous at Alexandria
|
In whose times Origen was famous at Alexandria
|
296
|
and at Rome Ulpian the expert in law was outstanding
|
and at Rome Ulpian the expert in law was outstanding
|
297
|
5434
Maximinus113 reigned 3 years.
|
5434
Maximinus reigned 3 years.
|
298
|
He is the first man made emperor from the military body without a decree of the Senate
|
He is the first man made emperor from the military body without a decree of the Senate
|
299
|
and he persecutes the Christians.
|
and he persecutes the Christians.
|
300
|
5441
Gordian114 reigned 7 years.
|
5440
Gordian reigned 6 years115.
|
300a
|
|
He crushed the rebelling Parthians and Persians.
|
300b
|
|
Returning from the Persians the victor perished by the deceit of his own men.
|
301
|
Flavian, by the testimony of the holy spirit descending from above his head in the form of a dove, is ordained Bishop of Rome, although some assert more truly that this event concerned Zepherinus.
|
In whose times Flavian, by the testimony of the holy spirit descending from above his head in the form of a dove, is ordained Bishop of Rome, although some assert that this event concerned Zepherinus.
|
302
|
5448
Philip116 reigned 7 years.
|
5447
Philip reigned 7 years.
|
303
|
He believed in Christ first among the emperors117
|
He is the first of the emperors to be made Christian.
|
304
|
In whose first year the 1000th year of the city of the Romans is taught to have been completed.
|
In whose first year the 1000th year of the city of the Romans is completed.
|
305
|
5449
Decius118 reigned 1 year.
|
5448
Decius reigned 1 year.
|
305a
|
|
He suppressed a civil war which had been stirred up in Galatia
|
306
|
It is taught that Saint Antony the monk arose in Egypt.
|
It is said that Antony the monk, by whom the first monasteries were founded, arose in Egypt.
|
307
|
5451
Gallus and his son Volusianus119 ruled 2 years.
|
5450
Gallus with his son Volusianus reigned 2 years.
|
307a
|
|
They achieved nothing worthy of memory.
|
308
|
Coming to Rome, Novatus the priest of Cyprian the bishop founded the Novatian heresy.120
|
At Rome, Novatus the priest of Cyprian the bishop founded the Novatian heresy.
|
309
|
5466
Valerian reigned with Gallienus121 for 15 years.
|
5465
Valerian reigned with Gallienus for 15 years.
|
310
|
Cyprian, firstly a teacher of rhetoric, then a bishop, is crowned with martyrdom.
|
Cyprian, firstly a teacher of rhetoric, then a bishop, is crowned with martyrdom.
|
311
|
The Goths also ravage Greece, Macedonia, Asia and Pontus.
|
The Goths ravage Greece, Macedonia, Asia and Pontus.
|
312
|
Valerian, stirring up a persecution of Christians, was captured by the king of the Persians and grew old there in the disgrace of his life.
|
Valerian, stirring up a persecution of Christians, was captured by the king of the Persians and grew old there in the disgrace of his life.
|
313
|
5468
Claudius122 reigned 2 years.
|
5467
Claudius reigned 2 years.
|
314
|
He overpowered the Goths, who were devastating Illyricum and Macedonia.
|
He overpowered the Goths, who were devastating Illyricum and Macedonia.
|
315
|
Paul of Samosata is acknowledged as a heresiarch.123
|
Paul of Samosata is acknowledged as a heresiarch.
|
316
|
5473
Aurelian124 reigned 5 years.
|
5472
Aurelian reigned 5 years.
|
316a
|
|
By fighting he extended the Roman Empire almost to its former limits.
|
317
|
He, when making a persecution against the Christians, is caught by a lightning strike and dies without delay.
|
Who, when making a persecution against the Christians, is caught by a lightning strike and dies without delay.
|
318
|
5474
Tacitus125 reigned 1 year.
|
5473
Tacitus reigned 1 year.
|
319
|
In the brevity of whose life nothing worthy of note is recorded.
|
In the brevity of whose life nothing worthy of history is recorded.
|
320
|
5480
Probus126 reigned 6 years.
|
5479
Probus reigned 6 years.
|
320a
|
|
He was strenuous in military matters and distinguished in government. By fighting he restored Gaul, which had been occupied by the barbarians.
|
321
|
The heresy of the Manichees arose.127
|
In whose time the heresy of the Manichees arises.
|
322
|
5482
Carus with his sons Carinus and Numerianus128 reigned 2 years.
|
5481
Carus with his sons Carinus and Numerianus reigned 2 years.
|
323
|
Carus, after triumphing over the Persians, as victor erecting fortresses near to the Tigris, was cut down with a bolt of lightning.
|
Carus, after triumphing over the Persians and as victor erecting fortresses near to the Tigris, was cut down with a bolt of lightning.
|
324
|
5502
Diocletian and Maximian reigned 20 years.129
|
5501
Diocletian and Maximian reigned 20 years.
|
325
|
When he had burnt the divine books Diocletian persecuted Christians through the entire world.
|
When he had burnt the divine books Diocletian persecuted Christians through the entire world.
|
326
|
He first ordered jewels to be put onto clothes and shoes, while the principes were only clothed with purple on their backs.
|
He first ordered jewels to be put onto clothes and shoes, while the principes were only clothed with purple on their backs.
|
326a
|
|
Moreover, these emperors waged diverse wars. Having defeated the Persians, Mesopotamia was recovered.
|
326b
|
|
Who, after having left behind the summit of authority together, began to live as private citizens.
|
327
|
5504
Galerius reigned 2 years.130
|
5504
Galerius reigned 3 years131.
|
328
|
In the brevity of whose imperium nothing worthy of history took place.
|
In the brevity of whose imperium nothing worthy of history took place.
|
329
|
5534
Constantine132 reigned 30 years.
|
5535
Constantine reigned 31 years133.
|
329a
|
|
He prepared a war with the Persians. At the approach of which they trembled to such an extent, that they ran to meet him as supplicants promising to carry out his orders.
|
330
|
He, the first of the emperors made Christian134, gave permission to the Christians to congregate freely and to build basilicas in honour of Christ.
|
He, the first of the emperors made Christian, gave permission to the Christians to congregate freely and to build basilicas in honour of Christ.
|
331
|
In these times the Arian heresy arises and the council of Nicaea is convened by Constantine for the condemnation of Arius.135
|
In whose times the Arian heresy arises and the council of Nicaea is convened by Constantine for the condemnation of Arius.
|
332
|
The schism of the Donatists arises.136
|
And then the schism of the Donatists arises.
|
333
|
At the same time, the cross of the Lord was discovered at Jerusalem by Helena, the mother of Constantine.
|
The cross of the Lord is discovered at Jerusalem by Helena, the mother of Constantine.
|
334
|
Constantine, however, having been baptised by Eusebius of Nicomedia, is turned towards the Arian dogma at the end of his life. Alas, what pain : he started well and ended badly!
|
Constantine, however, having been baptised by Eusebius of Nicomedia, slipped into the Arian dogma at the end of his life. Alas, what pain : he started well and ended badly!
|
335
|
5558
Constantius and Constans137 reigned 34 years.
|
5559
Constantius and Constans reigned 34 years.
|
335a
|
|
Constans, terrible in the cruelty of his habits, endured many things from the Persians.
|
336
|
Constans, having been made an Arian, persecutes Catholics throughout the whole world.
|
Then being made an Arian, he persecutes Catholics throughout the whole world.
|
337
|
By whose favour Arius was supported while in Constantinople. He [Arius] was proceeding to the church in order to fight against us [the Catholics] concerning the faith, being diverted through the forum of Constantine to a necessary cause, his entrails were discharged suddenly at the same time as his life.
|
By whose favour Arius was supported while in Constantinople. He [Arius] was proceeding to the church in order to fight against us [the Catholics] concerning the faith, being diverted through the forum of Constantine to a necessary cause, his entrails were discharged suddenly at the same time as his life.
|
338
|
At the same time Athanasius and Hilary are celebrated for their doctrine and their confession of faith.
|
At the same time Athanasius and Hilary are celebrated for their doctrine and their confession of faith.
|
339
|
The heresy of the Anthropomorphists is born in Syria and Macedonianism in Constantinople.138
|
The heresy of the Anthropomorphists is born in Syria and Macedonianism in Constantinople.
|
340
|
Donatus, the writer of the arts of grammar and the teacher of Jerome, is considered outstanding at Rome.
|
Donatus, the writer of the arts of grammar, is considered outstanding at Rome.
|
341
|
Antony the monk dies.
|
Antony the monk dies.
|
342
|
The bones of the apostles Andrew and Luke are transferred to Constantinople.
|
The bones of the apostles Andrew and Luke are transferred to Constantinople.
|
343
|
5560
Julian139 reigned 2 years.
|
5561
Julian reigned 2 years.
|
344
|
Made emperor from [being] a clergyman, he is turned to the worship of idols and brought martyrdom to the Christians
|
Made emperor and a pagan from [being] a clergyman, he brought martyrdom to the Christians
|
344a
|
|
and he forbade Christians to teach or learn liberal literature.
|
345
|
Who, even while, in hatred of Christ, permitted the Jews to repair the Temple in Jerusalem and the Jews having been collected from all the provinces, they laid the foundations of the new temple, suddenly at night when there arose a moving of the ground, stones shaken off from the deepest of the foundations were scattered far and wide. Also, a fiery ball, flying out from the interior of the shrine of the temple, laid low many of them with fire. At which terror the remaining were scared and reluctantly confessed Christ, and so that they did not believe it had happened by accident, on the following night the sign of the cross appeared on the clothing of all.
|
Who, when, in hatred of Christ, permitted the Jews to repair the Temple in Jerusalem and when the Jews had been collected from all the provinces and laid the foundations of the new temple, suddenly at night when there arose a moving of the ground, stones from the deepest of the foundations were cast out far and wide. Also, a fiery ball, flying out from the interior of the shrine of the temple, laid low many of them with fire. At which terror the remaining Jews were scared and reluctantly confessed Christ, and so that they did not believe it had happened by accident, on the following night the sign of the cross appeared on the clothing of all.
|
345a
|
|
But, while proceeding against the Persians, Julian died, having been hit by a javelin as the attack was happening.
|
346
|
5561
Jovian140 reigned 1 year.
|
5562
Jovian reigned 1 year.
|
347
|
Who, while he got to know that he would be made emperor by the army and he, affirming himself a Christian, asserted that he was not able to govern the pagans. ‘And we’, said the whole army, ‘who through Julian rejected the name of Christ, wish to be Christians again with you.’ Having heard them, he accepted the sceptre of imperium.
|
He, while he got to know that he would be made emperor by the army and he, affirming himself a Christian, asserted that he was not able to govern the pagans. ‘And we’, said the whole army, ‘who through Julian rejected the name of Christ, wish to be Christians again with you.’ Having heard them, he accepted the sceptre of imperium
|
347a
|
|
and he returned having signed a peace with the Persians. He immediately by a law restored privileges that had been given to the Christians and he ordered the temples of the idols to be closed.
|
348
|
5575
Valentinian and Valens his brother reigned 14 years.141
|
5576
Valentinian and Valens his brother reigned 14 years.
|
349
|
The Goths at Strius142 were divided in two parts under Fritigern and Athalaric143. But Fritigern, defeating Athalaric with the help of Valens, as a result of his favour was made Arrian from Catholic, with all the people of the Goths
|
|
349a
|
|
The Goths are made heretics by the persuasion of Valens.
|
350
|
Then Ulfilas, their bishop, invented Gothic writing and translated both testaments into his own language.144
|
|
351
|
Also, Photinus and Eunomius and Apollinarius are acknowledged as heretics at that time.145
|
Also, Photinus and Eunomius and Apollinarius are acknowledged as heresiarchs at that time.
|
352
|
5581
Gratian146 ruled 6 years with his brother Valentinian.
|
5582
Gratian ruled 6 years with his brother Valentinian.
|
353
|
Ambrose Bishop of Milan became famous in the dogma of the Catholics.
|
Ambrose Bishop of Milan became famous in the dogma of the Catholics.
|
354
|
Priscillian founded the heresy of his name.147
|
Priscillian founded the heresy of his name in Spain.
|
355
|
Martin Bishop of Tours, the Gallic city, shone forth with the signs of many miracles.
|
Martin Bishop of Tours, the Gallic city, shone forth with the signs of many miracles.
|
356
|
5590
Valentinian reigned 9 years with Theodosius.148
|
5591
Valentinian reigned 9 years with Theodosius.
|
357
|
The synod of 150 holy fathers, in which all heresies are condemned, is gathered together at Constantinople.149
|
The synod of 150 holy fathers, in which all heresies are condemned, is gathered together by Theodosius at Constantinople.
|
358
|
Jerome, the priest in Bethlehem, is considered famous in the whole world.
|
Jerome, the priest in Bethlehem, is considered famous in the whole world.
|
359
|
Priscillian, being accused by Itacius, is cut down by the sword of the tyrant Maximus.150
|
Also, Priscillian, being accused by Itacius, is cut down by the sword of the tyrant Maximus in Gaul.
|
360
|
At the same time the head of John the Baptist is brought to Constantinople and buried at the seventh milestone of the city.
|
At the same time the head of John the Baptist is brought to Constantinople and buried at the seventh milestone of the city.
|
361
|
Also, at the same time the temples of the pagans are overturned throughout the whole world by order of Theodosius, for upto that point they had remained unsullied.
|
Also, at the same time the temples of the pagans are overturned throughout the whole world by order of Theodosius, for upto that point they had remained unsullied.
|
362
|
5593
Theodosius ruled 3 years with Arcadius and Honorius.151
|
5594
Theodosius ruled 3 years with his sons Arcadius and Honorius.
|
363
|
At the same time John the Anchorite became markedly famous
|
At the same time John the Anchorite is considered outstanding in the miracles of his virtues.
|
364
|
Who, being consulted by Theodosius about the tyrant Eugenius, even foretold the victory by the former.
|
Who, being consulted by Theodosius about the tyrant Eugenius, even foretold the victory by the former.
|
365
|
5606
Arcadius152 reigned 13 years with his brother Honorius.
|
5607
Arcadius reigned 13 years with his brother Honorius.
|
(369)
|
|
In whose times Bishop Augustine is considered outstanding in the knowledge of doctrine.
|
(370)
|
|
Also, the bishops John of Constantinople and Theophilus of Alexandria are considered illustrious.
|
366
|
In his times, Bishop Donatus of Epirus is considered outstanding for his virtues. Spitting in its mouth, he killed a mighty dragon, which a team of eight oxen was scarcely able to drag to the place of burning, lest its rottenness polluted the air.
|
Bishop Donatus of Epirus is considered outstanding for his virtues. Spitting in its mouth, he killed a mighty dragon, which a team of eight oxen was scarcely able to drag to the place of burning, lest its rottenness polluted the air.
|
367
|
At the same time the bodies of the holy prophets Habbacuc and Micha are revealed by divine revelation.
|
At the same time the bodies of the holy prophets Habbacuc and Micha are revealed by divine revelation.
|
368
|
The Goths assailed Italy, the Vandals and Alans Gaul.
|
Also, the Goths assailed Italy, the Vandals and Alans Gaul.
|
369
|
Also, Bishop Augustine is considered outstanding in the knowledge of doctrine.
|
|
370
|
Also, the bishops John of Constantinople and Theophilus of Alexandria are considered illustrious.
|
|
371
|
5621
Honorius153 ruled 15 years with Theodosius the Younger, the son of his brother.
|
5622
Honorius ruled 15 years with Theodosius, the son of his brother.
|
372
|
While they were ruling the Goths captured Rome.
|
With them as emperors the Goths captured Rome.
|
373
|
Also the Vandals occupied the Spains and the Sueves Gallaecia
|
|
373a
|
|
Also, the Vandals, Alans and Sueves occupied the Spains.
|
374
|
At this time Pelagius proclaims the doctrines of his error against the grace of Christ, for the damnation of which 214 bishops are called together in council at Carthage.154
|
At this time Pelagius proclaims the doctrines of his error against the grace of Christ, for the damnation of which 214 bishops are called together in council at Carthage.
|
375
|
At this time Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, was considered eminent.
|
At which time Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, was considered eminent.
|
376
|
5648
Theodosius the Younger155, the son of Arcadius, reigned 27 years.156
|
5649
Theodosius the Younger, the son of Arcadius, reigned 27 years.
|
377
|
The people of the Vandals crossed over from the Spains to Africa and there overturned the Catholic faith with Arian impiety.
|
The Vandals crossed over from Spain to Africa and there overturned the Catholic faith with Arian impiety.
|
378
|
At the same time Nestorius Bishop of Constantinople labours at his faithless error, against which the synod of Ephesus, having been convened, condemns his impious dogma.157
|
At the same time Nestorius Bishop of Constantinople labours at his faithless error, against which the synod of Ephesus, having been convened, condemns his impious dogma.
|
379
|
Also, at this time, the devil showed himself in the appearance of Moses to the Jews in Crete, he promised to lead them through the sea with dry feet to the promised land, when many had been killed the rest, who had been saved, were converted at once to the grace of Christ.
|
Also, at this time, the devil showed himself in the appearance of Moses to the Jews in Crete, he promised to lead them through the sea with dry feet to the promised land, when many had been killed the rest, who had been saved, were converted at once to the grace of Christ.
|
380
|
5654
Marcian158 reigned for 6 years.
|
5656
Marcian reigned for 7 years159.
|
381
|
At the start of whose [reign] the council of Chalcedon is conducted, where Eutyches together with Dioscorus Bishop of Alexandria are condemned.160
|
At the start of whose [reign] the council of Chalcedon is conducted, where Eutyches together with Dioscorus Bishop of Alexandria are condemned.
|
382
|
And also in the sixth year of his [being] emperor, Theoderic, King of the Goths161, along with a huge army, entered Spain.162
|
And also in the sixth year of whose imperial reign Theoderic, King of the Goths, along with a huge army, entered Spain.
|
383
|
5670
Leo the Elder163 reigned for 16 years with Leo the Younger.
|
5673
Leo the Elder reigned for 17 years with Leo the Younger164.
|
384
|
Alexandria and Egypt, languishing with the delusion of the heretical Dioscorus, bark with a canine madness, having been filled with a filthy spirit.165
|
Alexandria and Egypt, rejecting the synod of Chalcedon, bark with a canine madness, having been filled with a filthy spirit.
|
385
|
At the same time the heresy of the Acefali appeared, fighting against the council of Chalcedon. And for this reason they are called ‘Acefali’, that is ‘without a head’, because the one who first introduced that heresy is not discovered. By the plague of which heresy many people of the East languish still now.166
|
Then the heresy of the Acefali appeared for the first time, fighting against the council of Chalcedon. And therefore they are called ‘Acefali’, that is ‘without a head’, because the one who first introduced that heresy is not discovered. By the plague of which heresy many people of the East languish still now.
|
386
|
5687
Zeno167 reigned 17 years
|
5690
Zeno reigned 17 years
|
386a
|
|
The heresy of the Acefali is defended by him and the decrees of the synod of Chalcedon are rejected.
|
387
|
As Zeno sought to kill Leo Augustus, his son, his mother presented another with a similar appearance in place of him and secretly made Leo a cleric. And he bore the clerical office until the time of Justinian.
|
As Zeno longed to kill Leo Augustus, his son, his mother presented another with a similar appearance in place of him and secretly made Leo a cleric. And he bore the clerical office until the time of Justinian.
|
388
|
At the same time the body of Barnabus the apostle and the gospel of Matthew, written with his own stylus, having revealed themselves, were discovered.
|
At the same time the body of Barnabus the apostle and the gospel of Matthew, written with his own stylus, having revealed themselves, were discovered.
|
389
|
5714
Anastasius168 reigned 27 years.
|
5717
Anastasius reigned 27 years.
|
389a
|
|
Claiming the error of the Acefali, he condemns to exile the bishops who are supporters of the council of Chalcedon.
|
389b
|
|
Also, he seized and emended the Gospels as if they were composed by ignorant evangelists.
|
390
|
Thrasamund, King of the Vandals169, closed the Catholic churches and sent 120 bishops into exile in Sardinia.
|
At that time Thrasamund raged against the Catholics in Africa.
|
391
|
Flugentius also flourished in confession of faith and knowledge.
|
Bishop Fulgentius was famous in faith and knowledge.
|
392
|
At the same time at Carthage Olimpias, a certain Arian, when blaspheming against the holy trinity in the baths was visibly reduced to ashes by three fiery javelins hurled by an angel.
|
At the same time at Carthage Olimpias, a certain Arian, when blaspheming against the holy trinity in the baths was visibly reduced to ashes by three fiery javelins hurled by an angel.
|
393
|
Also, Barbas, a certain Arian bishop, while baptising against a certain rule of the faith, said : ‘Barbas baptises you in the name of the Father through the Son in the Holy Spirit’, the water, which had been brought for baptizing, immediately disappeared. Seeing which, he who was the baptizand at once departed to the Catholic church and received the baptism of Christ according to the similar custom of the faith.
|
Also, Barbas, a certain Arian bishop, while baptising against a certain rule of the faith, said : ‘Barbas baptises you in the name of the Father through the Son in the Holy Spirit’, the water of his font immediately disappeared. Seeing which, he who was the baptizand at once departed to the Catholic church and received the baptism of Christ according to the similar custom of the evangelical faith.
|
394
|
5722
Justin the Elder170 reigns 8 years.
|
5725
Justin the Elder reigns 8 years.
|
394a
|
|
A lover of the synod of Chalcedon, he rejects the heresy of the Acefali.
|
395
|
After Thrasamund, Hilderic171, born from the captive daughter of the Emperor Valentinian, receives the kingdom of the Vandals.
|
In whose time, after Thrasamund, Hilderic, born from the captive daughter of the Emperor Valentinian, receives the kingdom of the Vandals.
|
396
|
Who, having been bound by an oath from Thrasamund that he not look after the Catholics in his kingdom, before taking up the royal power ordered the bishops to return from exile and he instructed them to be restored to their churches.
|
Who, having been bound by an oath from Thrasamund that he not look after the Catholics in his kingdom, before taking up the royal power ordered the bishops to return from exile and he instructed them to be restored to their own churches.
|
397
|
5761
Justinian172 reigns 39 years.
|
5765
Justinian reigns 40 years173.
|
397a
|
|
He, admiring the heresy of the Acefali, compels all the bishops in his kingdom to condemn the three chapters of the council of Chalcedon.
|
397b
|
|
The Theodosian and Gaianan heresy arise in Alexandria.174
|
398
|
The patrician Belisarius175 remarkably triumphed over the Persians.
|
|
399
|
Who then, having been sent to Africa by Justinian, destroyed the people of the Vandals.
|
In Africa the Vandals were destroyed by Belisarius.
|
399a
|
|
The Roman soldier enters Spain due to Athanagild.
|
399b
|
|
Also, in Italy, Totila, King of the Ostrogoths, is overcome by Narses176, the Roman patrician.
|
400
|
At the same time the body of Saint Antony the monk, having been discovered by divine revelation, is taken to Alexandria and is interred in the church of Saint John the Baptist.
|
At the same time the body of Saint Antony the monk, having been discovered by divine revelation, is taken to Alexandria and is interred in the church of Saint John the Baptist.
|
401
|
5772
Justin the Younger177 reigned 11 years.
|
5776
Justin the Younger reigned 11 years.
|
401a
|
|
He destroyed those things which had been published against the synod of Chalcedon and he ordered that the profession of faith of the 150 fathers would be celebrated by the people at the time of the offering.
|
401b
|
|
Then the Armenians first take up Christianity.
|
401c
|
|
The Lombards extinguish the Gepids.
|
401d
|
|
At the same time Martin, Bishop of Dumium, preaches in Gallaecia in the doctrine of the faith.
|
402
|
Afterwards, the patrician Narses, under Justinian Augustus, overcame Totila, King of the Goths in Italy. Very frightened by the threats of Sofia Augusta178, wife of Justin, he invited the Lombards from Pannonia and introduced them into Italy.
|
|
403
|
At this time Leovigild, King of the Goths179, by conquering certain rebellious regions of Spain for himself, rendered [them] into the power of his kingdom.
|
|
404
|
5779
Tiberius180 reigned 7 years.
|
5782
Tiberius reigned 7 years.
|
404a
|
|
After the Romans had been driven away, the Lombards came into Italy.
|
405
|
The Goths, having been divided into two by Hermenegild181, son of King Leovigild, are devastated by mutual slaughter.
|
The Goths, having been divided into two by Hermenegild182, son of King Leovigild, are devastated by mutual slaughter.
|
406
|
5800
Maurice183 reigned for 21 years.
|
5803
Maurice reigned for 21 years.
|
407
|
The Sueves, having been prevailed over by the Goths, are made subject by King Leovigild.
|
The Sueves, having been prevailed over by the Goths, are made subject by King Leovigild of the Goths.
|
408
|
Also, at the same time the Goths, being leaned on by Reccared, the princeps,184 are turned back to the Catholic faith.
|
Also, at the same time the Goths, being encouraged by Reccared, the most religious princeps, are converted to the Catholic faith.
|
408a
|
|
At this time bishop Leander is considered outstanding in Spain for his knowledge and faith.
|
409
|
The Avars, fighting against the Romans, are driven out more with gold than with the sword.
|
|
410
|
5808
Phocas185 reigned 8 years.
|
5811
Phocas reigned 8 years.
|
411
|
He, having been made emperor by a military revolt, killed Maurice Augustus and many of the nobles.
|
He, having been made emperor by a military revolt, killed Maurice Augustus and many of the nobles.
|
412
|
In his time the Greens and Blues made civil war throughout the East and Egypt and exhausted each other by mutual slaughter.186
|
The Greens and Blues made civil war throughout the East and Egypt.
|
413
|
Also, most serious Persian wars were stirred up against the republic. By which, when the Romans had been strongly subdued, they lost many provinces and Jerusalem itself.
|
Also, most serious Persian wars are raised against the Romans. By which, when the Romans had been strongly subdued, they lost certain Eastern parts.
|
414
|
5813
Thereafter Heraclius187 completes the fifth year of his rule.188
|
|
414a
|
|
5827
Heraclius completes the sixteenth year of his imperium. At the start of whose [reign] the Slavs took Greece from the Romans, the Persians Syria and Egypt and many provinces.189
|
415
|
In Spain Sisebut, the most glorious princeps of the Goths, made many cities of the Roman military subject to himself by fighting.
|
Also, in Spain Sisebut, king of the Goths190, took many of the cities of the same Roman military
|
416
|
and he converted the Jews who were the subjects of his kingdom to Christianity.
|
and he converted the Jews who were the subjects of his kingdom to Christianity.
|
416b
|
|
After which Swinthila, the most religious princeps191, began a war with the remaining Roman cities and with a swift victory was the first to obtain the monarchia of Spain.
|
417
|
So then there have been, from the Creation of the world up to the present era, that is, the fifth year of the emperor Heraclius and the fourth of the most religious princeps Sisebut, 5813 years.
|
|
417a
|
|
So then there have been, from the Creation of the world up to the present era192 664 [years], that is in the sixteenth year of the imperium of Heraclius and the fifth [year] of the most religious princeps Swinthila, 5827 years.
|
418
|
The remaining time of the world is not ascertainable by human investigation. For Lord Jesus Christ forestalled every question concerning this matter when he said : ‘it is not for you to know the times or the moments which the Father has placed in accordance with his own authority’; and elsewhere : ‘but concerning the day’, he said, ‘and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, except the Father’. Therefore everyone should think about his passing over, as it says in holy scripture : ‘in all your works be mindful of your most recent, and in eternity you will do no wrong’. For when each person departs from the world, then that is the end of the world for him.
|
The remaining time of the world is not ascertainable by human investigation. For Lord Jesus forestalled every question concerning this matter when he said : ‘it is not for you to know the times or the moments which the Father has placed in accordance with his own authority’; and elsewhere : ‘but concerning the day’, he said, ‘and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, except the Father’. Therefore everyone should think about his passing over, as it says in holy scripture : ‘in all your works be mindful of your most recent, and in eternity you will do no wrong’. For when each person departs from the world, then that is the end of the world for him.
|